Class 12 · Biology

Life, systematically explored

Thirteen chapters across five units — reproduction to ecology — condensed into diagram-first, NEET-ready notes.

13Chapters
05Units
CBSE+ NEET tips
Unit 01

Reproduction

● Reproduction
01
🌸
Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure, pollination, double fertilisation, and seed/fruit development.
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02
🧬
Reproduction
Human Reproduction
Reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, and pregnancy.
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03
💊
Reproduction
Reproductive Health
Birth control methods, MTP, amniocentesis, and infertility treatments.
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Unit 02

Genetics and Evolution

● Genetics & Evolution
04
🧬
Genetics
Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendel's laws, chromosomal theory, sex determination, and genetic disorders.
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05
🔬
Genetics
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA replication, transcription, translation, and the genetic code.
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06
🦴
Evolution
Evolution
Origin of life, Darwinism, natural selection, and evidence for evolution.
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Unit 03

Biology and Human Welfare

● Human Welfare
07
🩺
Human Welfare
Human Health and Disease
Pathogens, immunity, vaccines, and common diseases.
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08
🦠
Human Welfare
Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food, industry, sewage treatment, and biocontrol agents.
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Unit 04

Biotechnology

● Biotechnology
09
🧪
Biotechnology
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
Recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, and cloning vectors.
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10
🌾
Biotechnology
Biotechnology and its Applications
GM crops, transgenic animals, gene therapy, and insulin production.
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Unit 05

Ecology and Environment

● Ecology
11
🐾
Ecology
Organisms and Populations
Population attributes, growth models, and species interactions.
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12
🌳
Ecology
Ecosystem
Energy flow, food chains, ecological pyramids, and nutrient cycling.
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13
🌍
Ecology
Biodiversity and Conservation
Biodiversity patterns, loss, hotspots, and conservation strategies.
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